ASR Manuscript Guide

All pages must be typed or printed (12-point type size preferred), double-spaced (including notes and references) on 8-1/2 by 11 inch white paper. Margins must beat least 1-1/4 inches on all four sides (i.e., line length must not exceed 6 inches). If you cannot print bold or italic type, indicate boldface characters by drawing a wavy line (E)under them; a straight underline (a) indicates italic. If you have questions about heading formats, citation styles, abbreviations, tables, or issues such the use of gender-neutral language, please contact the ASR office. Your manuscript may have up to seven separate sections,including: (1) title page, (2) abstract, (3) text, (4) references, (5) notes, (6) tables, and (7) figures, illustrations, or photographs.

1. The title page should include the full title of the article, the author(s)'s name(s) (listed vertically if more than one) and institutional affiliation(s), a "running head," and the approximate word count for the manuscript. Use an asterisk (*) to add a title footnote that gives the address of the author to whom communications about the article can be sent. In the same footnote, list acknowledgments, credits, or grant numbers.

2. Type the abstract (fewer than 150 words) on a separate page headed by the title. Omit author(s)'s names.

3. Begin the text of your manuscript on a new page headed by the title. ASR uses anonymous peer reviewers to evaluate manuscripts; please make an effort to keep the text of your manuscript anonymous. For example, if you cite your own work, write "Smith (1992) concluded ... ," but not '1 concluded (Smith 1992)...."

a. Headings and subheadings in the text indicate the organization of the content. Generally, three heading levels are sufficient for a full-length article. See recent issues of the ASR for examples of heading formats.

b. References in the text cite the last name of the author and year of publication. Include page numbers whenever your text quotes directly from a work or refers to specificpassages in the cited work. Cite only those works needed to provide evidence for assertions and to guide readers to important sources on your topic. Identify subsequent citations of the same source in the same way as the first. Examples follow:

If author's name is in the text, follow it with the year in parentheses". . .Duncan (1959)";
if author's name is not in the text, enclose the last name and year inparentheses ". . . (Gouldner 1963)."
Pagination follows the year of publication after a colon ". . . (Ramirez and Weiss1979:239-40)."
Give both last names for joint authors ". . . (Martin and Bailey 1988)."
For works with three to five authors, list all last names on the first citation in thetext; thereafter use "et al." ". . . (Carr, Smith, and Jones 1962)"; and later, ". . .(Carr et al. 1962)."
For institutional authorship, supply minimum idendficadon from the completecitation ". . . (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1963:117)."
Separate a series of references with semicolon ". . . (Burgess 1968; Marwell etal. 1971)."
For unpublished materials, use "forthcoming" to indicate material scheduled forpublication. For dissertations and unpublished papers, cite the date. If no date, use"n.d." in place of the date ". . . Smith (forthcoming) and Jones (n.d.)."
For machine-readable data files, cite authorship and date ". . . (Institute for Survey Research 1976)."

c. Number notes in the text consecutively throughout the ardole using superscript Arabicnumerals. If you refer to a note again later in the text, use a parenthetical note ". . .(see note3)."

d. Equations in the text should be typed or printed. Use consecutive Arabic numerals in parentheses at the right margin to identify important equations. Align all expressions and clearly mark compound subscripts and superscripts. Clarify all unusual characters or symbols with notes circled in the margin.

4. References follow the text in a section headed "REFERENCES." All references used inthe text must be listed in the reference section, and vice versa. Publication information foreach must be complete and correct.

List the references in alphabetical order by authors' last names- include first names andmiddle initials for all authors when available. If there are two or more entries by the sameauthor(s), list them in order of the year of publication. If the cited material is unpublishedbut has been accepted for publicadon, use "Forthcoming" in place of the date and give thejournal name or publisher. For dissertations and unpublished papers, cite the date andlocation the paper was presented or is available. If no date is available, use "N.d." in placeof the date.

If two or more works are by the same author(s) within the same year, distinguish them (inthe order mentioned in the text) by adding the letters a, b, etc., to the year (or to"Forthcoming") and list them in the order cited. For multiple authorship, only the name of the first author is inverted (e.g., "Jones, Arthur B., Colin D. Smith, and lames Petersen").List all authors; using "et al." in the reference section is not acceptable.

A few examples follow. See recent issues of ASR for further examples:

Books:
- Bernard, Claude. [1865] 1957. An Introduction to the Studty of Experimental Medicine. Transiated by H. C. Greene. New York: Dover.
- Mason, Karen O. 1974. Women's Labor Force Participation and Fertility. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institutes of Health.
- U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1960. Characteristics of Population. Vol. l. Washington, DC:U.S. Government Printing Office.
Periodicals:
- Conger, Rand D. Forthcoming. "The Effects of Positive Feedback on Direction Andamount of Verbalization in a Social Setting." Sociological Perspectives.
- Goodman, Leo A. 1947a. "Exploratory Latent Structure Analysis Using Both Idendfiableand Unidentifiable Models." Biometrika 61 :215-31.
- ---------. 1947b. "The Analysis of Systems of Qualitative Variables When Some of the Variables Are Unobservable. Part I A Modified Latent Structure Approach."American Journal of Sociology 79:1179-259.
Collections:
- Clausen, John A. 1972. "The Life Course of Individuals." Pp. 457-514 in Aging and Society, vol. 3, A Sociology of Age Stratlfication, edited by M.W. Riley, M. Johnson, and A. Foner. New York: Russell Sage.
- Elder, Glen H. 1975. "Age Differentiation and the Life Course." Pp. 165-90 in AnnualReview of Sociology, vol. 1, edited by A. Inkeles, J. Coleman, and N. Smelser. PaloAlto, CA: Annual Reviews.
Dissertations:
- Charles, Maria. 1990. "0ccupational Sex Segregation: A Log-Linear Analysis of Patterns in25 Industrial Countries." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Machine-readable data files:
- American lnstitute of Public Opinion. 1976. Gallup Public Opinion Poll #965 [MRDF]. Princeton, NJ: American Institute of Public Opinion [producer]. New Haven, CT: RoperPublic Opinion Research Center. Yale University [distributor].

5. Notes should be typed or printed double-spaced, either as footnotes at the bottom of the page or in a separate "ENDNOTES" section following the references. Begin each note withthe superscript numeral to which it is keyed in the text (e.g., "' After 1981, there were . .."). Notes can (a) explain oramplify text, (b) cite materials of limited availability, or (c)append information presented in a table or figure.In general, long notes distract the reader and are expensive to print; use them only when you must. As altenatives, consider (a) inserting a statement in the text stating that informationn is available from the author, (b) depositing the material in a national retrieval center and inserting a citation or note in the text, or (c) adding an appendix. If you add an appendix,the reference in the text should read, "See Appendix A for...."

6. Number tables consecutively throughout the text. Type or print each table on a separate page at the end of your paper. Insert a note in the text to indicate table placement, e.g.,"TABLE 2 ABOUT HERE." Each table must include a descriptive title and headings forcolumns and rows. Gather general notes to tables as "Note:" or "Notes:"; use a, b, c, etc.,for table footnotes. Asterisks ', -, and/or -- indicate significance at the p < .05, p < .01, and p < .001 levels, respectively.

7. Number figures, illustrations, or photographs consecutively throughout the text. Each should have a capbon. Insert a note in the text to indicate placement, e.g., "FIGURE 1 About HERE." You may submit photocopies of figures, illustradons, and photographs withyour manuscript. However, if your manuscript is accepted for publicadon, you must submit photographs and artwork in camera-ready form. Camera-ready figures and illustrations mustbe executed by computer or by a graphic artist in black ink on white paper with clear, medium-weight lines. All lettering on figures and illustrations must be done in pen and ink, by computer, or by applying press-type or typeset text. Photographs must be black-and-white on glossy paper.