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Stratification Preliminary Examination – Reading List - May 2005

Each student taking this qualifying examination is expected to be familiar with the “core” readings in each of the following ten sections.  In addition, each student should choose two of the ten sections to study in greater depth. Coverage of the readings labeled as “Other Readings” is sufficient to satisfy this requirement, although the student is free to read in the chosen areas beyond the readings on the list, and is encouraged to seek out faculty guidance when designing a program of reading.

General Theories and Approaches
CORE READINGS
Blau, Peter and O.D. Duncan: 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley.

Bourdieu, Pierre.  1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Davis, Kingsley and Wilbert E. Moore. 1945. “Some Principles of Stratification.” American Sociological Review 10: 242­249.

Erikson, Robert and John H. Goldthorpe. 1992 The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Ganzeboom, Harry B.G.,

Donald J. Treiman and Wout C. Ultee. 1991. “Comparative Intergenerational Stratification Research: Three Generations and Beyond.” Annual Review of Sociology 17: 277-302.

Keister, Lisa A. and Stephanie Moller. 2000. “Wealth Inequality in the United States.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 63­ 81.

Laub, John H. and Robert J. Sampson. 2003. Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.

Marx, Karl. “Alienation and Social Classes,” “Classes in Capitalism and Pre-Capitalism,” “Ideology and Class,” and “Value and Surplus Value.” Reprinted as pp. 65-81 in Social Stratification:  Class, Race, & Gender in Sociological Perspective, edited by David B. Grusky.  Boulder: Westview.

Nielsen, Francois, and Arthur S. Alderson. 1997. “The Kuznets Curve and the Great U-Turn: Income Inequality in U.S. Counties.” American Sociological Review 62:12-33.

O’Rand, Angela M. and John C. Henretta. 1999. Age and Inequality Boulder, CO.: Westview Press. Tilly, Charles. 1998. Durable Inequality Berkeley: University of California Press.

Weber, Max. [1958]. “Class, Status, Party.” Pp. 180-195 in H.H Gerth and C. Wright Mills (Eds.), From Max Weber Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press. Wright, Erik Olin. 1997 Class Counts New York: Cambridge University Press.

OTHER READINGS
Blau, Peter M. 1994. Structural Contexts of Opportunities Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Brieger, Ronald. 1995. “Social Structure and the Phenomenology of Attainment.” Annual Review of Sociology 21: 115-136.

Burawoy, Michael. 2003. “For Sociological Marxism: The Complementary Convergence of Antonio Gramsci and Karl Polanyi.” Politics and Society 31: 193-261.

_____. 1990.  "Marxism as science." American Sociological Review 55:775-93.

Clark, Terry Nichols and Seymour Martin Lipset. 2001. The Breakdown of Class Politics Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Dahrendorf, Ralf. 1959. Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Evans, Geoffrey. 1992.  “Testing the Validity of the Goldthorpe Class Schema.” European Sociological Review 8:211-232.

Featherman, David L. and Robert M. Hauser. 1978. Opportunity and Change New York: Academic.

Giddens, Anthony. 1973. The Class Structure of Advanced Societies New York: Harper and Row.

Grusky, David B. and Jesper B. Sørensen. 1998. “Can Class Analysis be Salvaged?” American Journal of Sociology 103:1187-1234.

Hall, John. 1997. Reworking Class Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. Harrison,

Bennett, and Barry Bluestone. 1988. The Great U-Turn New York, NY: Basic Books.

Hauser, Robert M. and John Robert Warren. 1997. “Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique.” Sociological Methodology 27:177-298.

Hechter, Michael. 2004. “From Class to Culture.” American Journal of Sociology 110: 400-445.

Hout, Michael. 1988. “More Universalism, Less Structural Mobility” American Journal of Sociology 93: 1358-1400.

Jencks, Christopher and colleagues. 1972. Inequality New York: Harper and Row.

Keister, Lisa A. 2000. Wealth in America New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lamont, Michèle, 1992.  Money, Morals, and Manners: The Culture of the French and  American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.

Mills, C. Wright. 1956. The Power Elite New York: Oxford University Press.

Myles, John and Adnan Turegun. 1994. “Comparative Studies in Class Structure.” Annual Review of Sociology 20: 103-124.

Parkin, Frank. 1971. Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique. New York: Columbia University Press.

Robinson, Robert V. and Jonathan Kelley. 1979. “Class as Conceived by Marx and Dahrendorf: Effects on Income Inequality and Politics in the United States and Great Britain.” American Sociological Review 44: 38-58.

Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub. 1996. “Socioeconomic Achievement in the Life Course of Disadvantaged Men: Military Service as a Turning Point.” American Sociological Review 61: 347-367.

Sorensen, Aage B. 2000. “Toward a Sounder Basis for Class Analysis.” American Journal of Sociology 105: 1559-1571.

Warren, John Robert and Robert M. Hauser.  1997. "Social stratification across three generations." American Sociological Review  62:561-72.

Wright, Erik Olin. 2002. “The Shadow of Exploitation in Weber’s Class Analysis.” American Sociological Review 67: 832­853.

_____. 2000. “Working-Class Power, Capitalist-Class Interests, and Class Compromise.” American Journal of Sociology 105: 957-1002.

_____. 1985. Classes New York: Verso.

Global Inequality

CORE READINGS

Alderson, Arthur S. and François Nielsen. 1999.  “Income Inequality, Development, and Dependence: A Reconsideration.” American Sociological Review  64:606-631.

Firebaugh, Glenn. 2003. The New Geography of Global Income Inequality Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Firebaugh, Glenn and Frank D. Beck. 1994. “Does Economic Growth Benefit the Masses? Growth, Dependence, and Welfare in the Third World.” American Sociological Review 59: 631-653.

Journal of World-Systems Research Volume VIII (Number 1 and 2). Special Issue on Global Inequality (Part I and II), edited by A.J. Bergesen and M. Bata.

Lee, Cheol-Sung. 2005. “Income Inequality, Democracy, and Public Sector Size.” American Sociological Review 70: 158­181.  []

Lenski, Gerhard E. 1984. Power and Privilege Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press. 
OTHER READINGS
Alderson, Arthur S. and Francois Nielsen. 2002. “Globalization and the Great U-Turn: Income Inequality Trends in 16 OECD Countries.” American Journal of Sociology 107: 1244-1299.

Bradshaw, York et al. 1993. “Borrowing Against the Future: Children and Third World Indebtedness.” Social Forces 71: 629-656.

Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Peter Grimes.  1995.  "World-systems analysis."  Annual Review of Sociology 21:387-417.

Crenshaw, Edward. 1993. “Polity, Economy, and Technoecology.” Social Forces 71: 807-816.

_____. 1992. “The Cross-National Determinants of Income Inequality.” Social Forces 71: 339-363.

Firebaugh, Glenn. 2000. “The Trend in Between-Nation Income Inequality.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 323-339.

_____. 2000. “Empirics of World Income Inequality.” American Journal of Sociology 104: 1597-1630.

_____.  1992.  "Growth effects of foreign and domestic investment."  American Journal of Sociology 98:105-130.

Firebaugh, Glenn and Frank D. Beck. 1994. “Does Economic Growth Benefit the Masses? Growth, Dependence, and Welfare in the Third World.” American Sociological Review 59: 631-653.

Firebaugh, Glenn and Brian Goesling. 2004. “Accounting for the Recent Decline in Global Income Inequality.” American Journal of Sociology 110: 283-312.

Galbraith, James K. and Maureen Berner. 2001. Inequality and Industrial Change: A Global View New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hoffman, Kelly and Miguel Angel Centeno. 2003. “The Lopsided Continent: Inequality in Latin America.” Annual Review of Sociology 29: 363-390.

Jenkins, J. Craig and Stephen J. Scanlan. 2001. “Food Security in Less Developed Countries, 1970 to 1990.” American Sociological Review 66: 718-744.

Kelley, Jonathan and Archibald O. Haller. 2001. “Working Class Wages During Early Industrialization: Brazilian Evidence.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 18: 119-161.  Unavailable

Kuznets, Simon, 1955. “Economic Growth and Income Inequality.” American Economic Review 45: 1-28.

Mahoney, James. 2003. “Long-Run Development and the Legacy of Colonialism in Spanish America.” American Journal of Sociology 109: 50-106.

Portes, Alejandro and Kelly Hoffman. 2003. “Latin American Class Structures: Their Composition and Change During the Neoliberal Era.” Latin American Research Review 38: 41-82.

Portes, Alejandro and John Walton. 1981. Labor, Class and the International System New York: Academic Press.

Wallerstein, Immanuel. 2004. World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
 
_____. 1979. The Capitalist World Economy New York: Cambridge University Press.

_____. 1974.  "The rise and future demise of the world capitalist system: concepts for comparative analysis."  Comparative Studies in Society and History  16:387-415.

Williamson, Jeffrey G.  1991.  Inequality, Poverty, and History.  Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.

Education and Stratification

CORE READINGS

Bourdieu, Pierre, and J.C. Passeron. 1977. “Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction.” in Power and Ideology in Education, edited by Jerome Karabel and A. H. Halsey.

Coleman, James. 1968. “The Concept of Educational Opportunity.” Harvard Educational Review 38:7-22.  Unavailable

Collins, Randall. 1971. “Functional and Conflict Theories of Educational Stratification.” American Sociological Review 36: 1002-1019.

DiMaggio, Paul.  1982.  "Cultural capital and school success:  the impact of status culture participation on the grades of US high school students."  American Sociological Review 47:189:201.

Fischer, Claude and colleagues. 1996. Inequality By Design Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Gamoran, Adam. 2001. “American Schooling and Educational Inequality: A Forecast for the 21st Century.” Sociology of Education, Extra Issue: 135-53.

Shavit, Yossi and Walter Mueller. 1998. From School to Work: A Comparative Study of Educational Qualifications and Occupational Destinations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
OTHER READINGS

Bourdieu, Pierre and Jean-Claude Passeron.  1991.  Reproduction in Education, Culture, and Society Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Bowen, William G. and Derek Bok. 1998. The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. 1976. Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life. New York: Basic Books.

Buchmann, Claudia and Emily Hannum. 2001. “Education and Stratification in Developing Countries: A Review of Theories and Research.” Annual Review of Sociology 27:77-102.

Coleman, James S., Thomas Hoffer and Sally Kilgore. 1982. High School Achievement. New York: Basic.

Collins, Randall. 1979. The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification. New York: Academic Press.

Condron, Dennis J. and Vincent J. Roscigno. 2003. “Disparities Within: Spending Inequality and Achievement in an Urban School District.” Sociology of Education 76: 18-36.

Downey, Douglas B., Paul T. von Hippel, and Beckett A. Broh. 2004. “Are Schools the Great Equalizer? Cognitive Inequality During the Summer Months and the School Year.” American Sociological Review 69: 613-635.

Farkas, George. 2003. “Cognitive Skills and Noncognitive Traits and Behaviors in Stratification Processes.” Annual Review of Sociology 29: 541-562.

Gerber, Theodore P. 2000. “Educational Stratification in Contemporary Russia: Stability and Change in the Face of Economic and Institutional Crisis.” Sociology of Education 73: 219-246.

Jencks, Christopher and Meredith Phillips. 1998. The Black-White Test Score Gap. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

Kao, Grace and Jennifer S. Thompson. 2003. “Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Educational Achievement and Attainment.” Annual Review of Sociology 29: 417-442.

Kerckhoff, Alan C. 1995. “Institutional Arrangements and Stratification Processes in Industrialized Societies.” Annual Review of Sociology 15:323-47.

Lareau, Annette. 1987. “Social Class Differences in Family-School Relationships: The Importance of Cultural Capital.” Sociology of Education 60:73-85.

Lucas, Samuel Roundfield. 2001. “Effectively Maintained Inequality: Educational Transitions, Track Mobility, and Social Background Effects.” American Journal of Sociology 106: 1642-1690.

_____. 1999. Tracking Inequality: Stratification and Mobility in American High Schools. NY: Teachers College Press.

Massey, Douglas S., Camille Z. Charles, Garvey F. Lundy, and Mary Fischer. 2003. The Source of the River: The Social Origins of Freshmen at America’s Selective Colleges and Universities Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Morgan, Stephen. 2004. “Methodologist as Arbitrator: Five Models for Black-White Differences in the Causal Effect of Expectations on Attainment.” Sociological Methods and Research 33: 3-53.

Morgan, Stephen and Aage B. Sorensen. 1999. “Parental Networks, Social Closure, and Mathematics Learning: A Test of Coleman’s Social Capital Explanation of School Effects.” American Sociological Review 64: 661-681.

Shavit, Yossi, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld (eds.). 1992. Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Stratification in Thirteen Countries Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Earnings, Occupations and Labor Market Institutions

CORE READINGS

Elman, Cheryl and Angela M. O’Rand. 2004. “The Race is to the Swift: Socioeconomic Origins, Adult Education, and Wage Attainment.” American Journal of Sociology 110: 123-160.

DiPrete, Thomas A., Paul M. de Graaf, Ruud Luijkx, Michael Tahlin, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld. 1997. “Collectivist Versus Individualist Mobility Regimes? Structural Change and Job Mobility in Four Countries.” American Journal of Sociology 103:318-58.

Hicks, Alexander M. and Lane Kenworthy. 1997. “Cooperation and Political Economic Performance in Affluent Democratic Capitalism.” American Journal of Sociology 103: 1631-72.

Hollister, Matissa N. 2004. “Does Firm Size Matter Anymore? The New Economy and Firm Size Wage Effects.” American Sociological Review 69: 659-676.

Morris, Martina and Bruce Western. 1999. “Inequality in Earnings at the Close of the Twentieth Century.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 623-657. []

Shuey, Kim M. and Angela M. O’Rand. 2004. “New Risks for Workers: Pensions, Labor Markets and Gender.” Annual Review of Sociology 30: 453-477.

Sorensen, Aage. 1996. “The Structural Basis of Social Inequality.” American Journal of Sociology 101: 1333-1365.

Warren, John Robert, Robert M. Hauser, and Jennifer T. Sheridan. 2002. “Occupational Stratification Across the Life Course: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.” American Sociological Review 67: 432-455.

Weeden, Kim A. 2002. “Why Do Some Occupations Pay More Than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 55-101.
OTHER READINGS
Althauser, Robert P. 1989. “Internal Labor Markets.” Annual Review of Sociology 15:143-62.

Baron, James N. and William T. Bielby. 1980. “Bringing the Firms Back In: Stratification, Segmentation, and the Organization of Work.” American Sociological Review 45: 737-765.

Berg, Ivar and Arne Kalleberg. 2001. Sourcebook of Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes New York: Kluwer/Plenum.

Bernhardt, Annette, Martina Morris, Mark S. Handcock, and Marc A. Scott. 2001. Divergent Paths New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Fernandez, Roberto M. 2001. “Skill-Biased Technological Change and Wage Inequality: Evidence from a Plant Retooling.” American Journal of Sociology 107: 273-320.

Gordon, David M. 1996. Fat and Mean New York: The Free Press.

Gottschalk, Peter and Timothy M. Smeeding. 1997. "Cross national comparisons of earnings and income inequality."  Journal of Economic Literature 35: 633-687.

Hodson, Randy and Robert L. Kaufman. 1982. “Economic Dualism: A Critical Review.” American Sociological Review 45: 727-739.

Kalleberg, Arne. 2000. “Nonstandard Employment Relations: Part-Time, Temporary and Contract Work.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 341-365.

_____. 1988. “Comparative Perspectives on Work Structures and Inequality.” Annual Review of Sociology 14:203-25.

Kalleberg, Arne, et al.  1981.  "Economic segmentation, worker power, and income inequality."  American Journal of Sociology   87:651-83.

Kenworthy, Lane. 2002. “Corporatism and Unemployment in the 1980s and 1990s.” American Sociological Review 67: 367­388.

Morris, Martina, Mark S. Handcock, Marc A. Scott, and Anette Bernhardt. 2001. Divergent Paths: Economic Mobility in the New American Labor Market New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Wallace, Michael, Kevin T. Leicht, and Lawrence Raffalovich. 1999. “Unions, Strikes, and Labor’s Share of Income.” Social Science Research 28:265-88.

Wallerstein, Michael. 1999. “Wage-Setting Institutions and Pay Inequality in Advanced Industrial Societies.” American Journal of Political Science 43: 649-680.

Western, Bruce. 2002. “The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality.” American Sociological Review 67: 526-546.

Western, Bruce and Kieran Healy. 1999. “Explaining the OECD Wage Slowdown: Recession or Labor Decline?” European Sociological Review 15: 233-49.

Western, Bruce and Katherine Beckett. 1999. “How Unregulated Is the U.S. Labor Market? The Penal System as a Labor Market Institution.” American Journal of Sociology 104:1030-60.

Social Stratification and the Welfare State
CORE READINGS:
DiPrete, Thomas A. 2002. “Life Course Risks, Mobility Regimes, and Mobility Consequences: A Comparison of Sweden, Germany, and the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 267-309.

Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1999. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies New York: Oxford University Press.

Gangl, Markus. 2004. “Welfare States and the Scar Effects of Unemployment: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and West Germany.” American Journal of Sociology 109: 1319-1364.

Korpi, Walter, and Joakim Palme. 1998. “The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries.” American Sociological Review 63: 661-687.

Sainsbury, Diane. 1999. Gender and Welfare State Regimes New York: Oxford University Press. 
OTHER READINGS:
DiPrete, Thomas A. and Patricia A. McManus. 2000.  “Family Change, Employment Transitions, and the Welfare State: A Comparison of Household Income Dynamics in the U.S. and Germany.” American Sociological Review 65:343-370.

Esping-Andersen, Gøsta.  1990 The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism.

Gallie, Duncan and Serge Paugam. 2000. Welfare Regimes and the Experience of Unemployment in Europe New York: Oxford University Press.

Goodin, Robert E., Bruce Headey, Ruud Muffels, and Henk-Jan Dirven. 1999. The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hall, Peter A. and David Soskice. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage New York: Oxford University Press.

Hicks, Alexander and Lane Kenworthy. 2003. “Varieties of Welfare Capitalism.” Socio-Economic Review 1: 27-61.

Korpi, Walter. 2003. “Welfare State Regress in Western Europe: Politics, Institutions, Globalization and Europeanization.” Annual Review of Sociology 29:589-609.

_____. 1989. “Power, Politics, and State Autonomy in the Development of Social Citizenship: Social Rights During Sickness in 18 OECD Countries Since 1930.” American Sociological Review 54: 309-328.

_____. 1983. The Democratic Class Struggle Boston: Routledge.

Mayer, Karl Ulrich and Urs Schöplin. 1989. “The State and the Life Course.” Annual Review of Sociology 15: 187-209.

Orloff, Ann S. 1993. “Gender and the Social Rights of citizenship: The comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states.” American Sociological Review 58:303-328.

Page, Benjamin I. and James R. Simmons. 2000. What Government Can Do: Dealing with Poverty and Inequality Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
 
Sainsbury, Diane. 1996. Gender, Equality and Welfare States Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Stier, Haya, Noah Lewis-Epstein, and Michael Braun. 2001. “Welfare Regimes, Family-Supportive Policies, and Women’s Employment Along the Life-Course.” American Journal of Sociology 106: 1731-1760.

Social Networks and Social Capital

CORE READINGS
 
Bian, Yanjie. 1997. "Bringing Strong Ties Back In: Indirect Connection, Bridges, and Job Search in China." American Sociological Review 62(3):36-385, 3.

Bridges, William P. and Wayne J. Villemez. 1986. "Informal Hiring and Income in the Labor Market." American Sociological Review 51:574-82.

De Graaf, Nan Dirk and Hendrik Derk Flap. 1988. "With a Little Help from My Friends." Social Forces 67(2):452-72.

Fernandez, Roberto M. and Nancy Weinberg. 1997. "Sifting and Sorting: Personal Contacts and Hiring in a Retail Bank." American Sociological Review 62:883-902.

Granovetter, Mark. 1973. "The Strength of Weak Ties." American Journal of Sociology 78:1360-80.

Granovetter, Mark. 1974. Getting a Job. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lin, Nan. 1999.  “Social Networks and Status Attainment.”  Annual Review of Sociology.  Or, Lin, 2001, Chapter 6.

Lin, Nan, Walter M. Ensel, and John C. Vaughn. 1981. "Social Resources and Strength of Ties: Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment." American Sociological Review 46(4):393-405.

Marsden, Peter V. and Elizabeth H. Gorman. 2001. "Social Networks, Job Changes, and Recruitment." In Sourcebook on Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes, edited by I. Berg and A. L. Kalleberg.

Marsden, Peter V. and Jeanne S. Hurlbert. 1988. "Social Resources and Mobility Outcomes: A Replication and Extension." Social Forces 66(4):1038-59, 4.

Wegener, Bernd. 1991. "Job Mobility and Social Ties: Social Resources, Prior Job and Status Attainment." American Sociological Review 56:1-12.
OTHER READINGS

Beggs, John J. and Jeanne S. Hurlbert. 1997. "The Social Context of Men's and Women's Job Search Ties: Voluntary Organization Memberships, Social Resources, and Job Search Outcomes." Sociological Perspectives 40(4):601-22.

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1983/1986. "The Forms of Capital." Pp. 241-58 in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by John G. Richardson. Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press.

Boxman, E. A., W., P. M. de Graaf, and Henk D. Flap. 1991. "The Impact of Social and Human Capital on the Income Attainment of Dutch Managers." Social Networks 13:51-73.  Unavailable

Burt, Ronald S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Campbell, Karen E., Peter V. Marsden, and Jeanne S. Hurlbert. 1986. "Social Resources and Socioeconomic Status." Social Networks 8(1). Unavailable

Coleman, James S. 1988. "Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital." American Journal of Sociology 94:S95-S121.

________. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology 91:481-510.

Lai, Gina Wan-foon, Nan Lin, and Shu-yin Leung. 1998. "Network Resources, Contact Resources, and Status Attainment." Social Networks 20(2):159-78.

Lin, Nan. 2001. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action Cambridge University Press.

Lin, Nan. 2001, Chapter 10.  “Social Capital in Hierarchical Structures” Or, Nan Lin. 1990. "Social Resources and Social Mobility: A Structural Theory of Status Attainment." Pp. 247-171 in Social Mobility and Social Structure, edited by Ronald L. Breiger. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Lin, Nan and Mary Dumin. 1986. "Access to Occupations Through Social Ties." Social Networks 8:365-85.  Unavailable

Lin, Nan, Karen Cook, and Ronald S. Burt, editors, Social Capital: Theory and Research. 2001. Chicago: Aldine de Gruyter.

Lin, Nan, Paul Dayton, and Peter Greenwald. 1978. "Analyzing the Instrumental Use of Relations in the Context of Social Structure." Sociological Methods and Research 7:149-66.  

Marsden, Peter V. and Karen E. Campbell. 1984. "Measuring Tie Strength." Social Forces 63:482-501.

Mouw, Ted. 2003. “Social Capital and Finding a Job: Do Contacts Matter?” American Sociological Review 68: 868-898.

Portes, Alejandro. 1998. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology 24: 1-24.

Requena, Felix. 1991. "Social Resources and Occupational Status Attainment in Spain: A Cross-National Comparison with the United States and the Netherlands." International Journal of Comparative Sociology XXXII(3-4):233-42.

Sampson, Robert J., Jeffrey D. Morenoff, and Felton Earls. 1999. “Beyond Social Capital: Spatial Dynamics of Collective Efficacy for Children.” American Sociological Review 64: 633-660.

Sprengers, Maarten, Fritz Tazelaar, and Hendrik Derk Flap. 1988. "Social Resources, Situational Constraints, and Reemployment." Netherlands Journal of Sociology 24.

Volker, Beate and Henk Flap. 1999 "Getting Ahead in the GDR: Human Capital and Social Capital in the Status Attainment Process Under Communism." Acta Sociologica 42.

Gender Inequality
CORE READINGS
Becker, Gary. 1985. “Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor.” Journal of Labor Economics 3 (Supplement): S33-S58.

Bielby, William T. and Denise Bielby: 1994. “She Works Hard for the Money: Household Responsibilities and the Allocation of Work Effort.” American Journal of Sociology 93:10311059.

Budig, Michelle J. and Paula England. 2001. “The Wage Penalty for Motherhood.” American Sociological Review 66: 204­225.

Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2003. “Understanding International Differences in the Gender Pay Gap.” Journal of Labor Economics 21: 106-144.

Charles, Maria and David B. Grusky. 2004. Occupational Ghettos: The Worldwide Segregation of Women and Men Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

McCall, Leslie. 2001. Complex Inequality: Gender, Race, and Class in the New Economy New York, NY: Routledge.

Reskin, Barbara F., Debra B. McBrier, and Julie A. Kmec. 1999. “The Determinants and Consequences of Workplace Sex and Race Composition.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 335-361.

Tam, Tony. 1997. “Sex Segregation and Occupational Gender Inequality in the United States: Devaluation or Specialized Training?” American Journal of Sociology 102: 1652-1692.

Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald and Sheryl Skaggs. 2002. “Sex Segregation, Labor Process Organization, and Gender Earnings Inequality.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 102-128.
OTHER READINGS
Baron, James N. and William T. Bielby. 1985. “Organizational Barriers to Gender Equality: Sex Segregation of Jobs and Opportunities.” Pp. 233-251 in Gender and the Life Course, edited by Alice S. Rossi. New York: Aldine.

Bergmann, Barbara R. 1986. The Economic Emergence of Women. New York: Basic Books.

Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2000. “Gender Differences in Pay.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14: 75-99.

_____. 1992. “The Gender Earnings Gap: Learning from International Comparisons.” American Economic Review 82: 533­538.

Chang, Mariko Lin. 2004. “Growing Pains: Cross-National Variation in Sex Segregation in Sixteen Developing Countries.” American Sociological Review 69: 114-137.

_____. 2000. “The Evolution of Sex Segregation Regimes.” American Journal of Sociology 105: 1658-1701.

Cotter, David A. and colleagues. 2001. “The Glass Ceiling Effect.” Social Forces 80: 655-682.

_____. 1998. “The Demand for Female Labor.” American Journal of Sociology 103: 1673-1712.

England, Paula. 1992. Comparable Worth New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

England, Paula and colleagues. 1988. “Explaining Occupational Sex Segregation and Wages: Findings from a Model with Fixed Effects.” American Sociological Review 53:544-558.

Featherman, David. L. and Robert M. Hauser. 1976. “Sexual inequalities and socioeconomic achievement in the U.S., 1962-1973”. American Sociological Review 41: 462-483.

Gornick, Janet C. and Jerry A. Jacobs. 1998. “Gender, the Welfare State, and Public Employment: A Comparative Study of Seven Industrialized Countries.” American Sociological Review 63: 688-710.

Hartmann, Heidi. 1976. “Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex.” Pp. 137-170 in Women and the Workplace: The Implications of Occupational Segregation, edited by Martha Blaxall and Barbara Regan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Jacobs, Jerry. 1989. Revolving Doors: Sex Segregation and Women’s Careers. Stanford Press.

Jacobs, Jerry and Kathleen Gerson. 2004. The Time Divide: Work, Family, and Gender Inequality Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.

Kanter, Rosabeth.  1977. "Some effects of proportions on group life: Skewed sex ratios and responses to token women." American Journal of Sociology 82: 965-90.

Milkman, Ruth and Eleanor Townsley. 1994. “Gender and the Economy.” Pp. 600-619 in The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Neil Smelser and Richard Swedberg. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Nelson, Robert L. and William P. Bridges. 1999. Legalizing Gender Inequality: Courts, Markets, and Unequal Pay for Women in America New York: Cambridge University Press.

Reskin, Barbara and Patricia Roos.  1990. Job Queues, Gender Queues Philadelphia:  Temple University Press.

Sørensen, Annemette.  1994. "Women, family, and class." Annual Review of Sociology 20:27-47.

Racial and Ethnic Inequality
CORE READINGS
Bonacich, Edna. 1972. “A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market.” American Sociological Review 37: 547-559.

Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2003. Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States Lanham, MD.: Rowman and Littlefield.

Huffman, Matt L. and Philip N. Cohen. 2004. “Racial Wage Inequality: Job Segregation and Devaluation Across the U.S. Labor Markets.” American Journal of Sociology 109: 902-936.

Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton. 1993. American Apartheid. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.

Pager, Devah. 2003. “The Mark of a Criminal Record.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 937-975.

Shapiro, Thomas. 2004. The Hidden Costs of Being African-American New York: Oxford University Press.

Waters, Mary and Karl Eschbach. 1995. “Immigration and Ethnic and Racial Inequality in the United States.” Annual Review of Sociology 21: 419-446.

OTHER READINGS
Alba, Richard, Amy Lutz, and Elena Vesselinov. 2001. “How Enduring Were the Inequalities Among European Immigrant Groups in the United States?” Demography 38: 349-356.

Alba, Richard and Victor Nee. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.

Anderson, Elijah and Douglas S. Massey. 2001. Problem of the Century: Racial Stratification in the United States New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Bean, Frank D. and Stephanie Bell-Rose. 1999. Immigration and Opportunity New York: Russell Sage.

Bobo, Lawrence and James R. Kluegel. 1993. “Opposition to Race Targeting: Self-Interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes.” American Sociological Review 58: 443-464.

Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 1997. “Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation.” American Sociological Review 62: 465-480.

Conley, Dalton. 1999. Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America Berkeley: University of California Press.

Elliot, James R. and Ryan A. Smith. 2004. “Race, Gender, and Workplace Power.” American Sociological Review 69: 365­386.

Flippen, Chenoa. 2004. “Unequal Returns to Housing Investments?” Social Forces 82: 1523-1551.
 
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. 2002. Unequal Freedom Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 

Grodsky, Eric and Devah Pager. 2001. “The Structure of Disadvantage: Individual and Occupational Determinants of the Black-White Gap.” American Sociological Review 66: 542-567.

Hout, Michael. 1984. “The Occupational Mobility of Black Men: 1962 to 1973.” American Sociological Review 49: 308-316.

Krysan, Maria and Reynolds Farley. 2002. “The Residential Preferences of Blacks: Do They Explain Persistent Segregation?” Social Forces 80: 937-980.

Lamont, Michele. 2000. The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration New York and Cambridge, MA.: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press.

Lareau, Annette. 2002. “Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families.” American Sociological Review 67: 747-776.

Lieberson, Stanley. 1980.  A Piece of the Pie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Portes, Alejandro and Min Zhou. 1996. “Self-Employment and the Earnings of Immigrants.” American Sociological Review 61: 219-230.

O’Connor, Alice, Chris Tilly, Lawrence D. Bobo. 2001. Urban Inequality: Evidence from Four Cities New York: Russell Sage.

Oliver, Melvin L. and Thomas M. Shapiro. 1997. Black Wealth/White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality New York: Routledge.

Patillo-McCoy, Mary. 2000. Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril Among the Black Middle Class Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Sorensen, Jesper B. 2004. “The Organizational Demography of Racial Employment Segregation.” American Journal of Sociology 110: 626-671.

Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald and Vincent J. Roscigno. 1996. “Racial Economic Subordination and White Gain in the U.S. South.” American Sociological Review 61: 565-589.

Tolnay, Stewart E. 2001. “African Americans and Immigrants in Northern Cities: The Effect of Relative Group Size on Occupational Standing in 1920.” Social Forces 80: 573-604.

Waldinger, Roger. 1996. Still the Promised City? African Americans and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

Wilson, William Julius. 1978. The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chapters?

Zeitlin, Maurice and L. Frank Weyher. 2001. “‘Black and White, Unite and Fight’: Interracial Working-Class Solidarity and Racial Employment Equality.” American Journal of Sociology 107: 430-467.

Social stratification in state socialist societies and transitions from state socialism
CORE READING
Bian, Yanjie and John R. Logan. 1996. “Market Transition and the Persistence of Power: The Changing Stratification System in Urban China.” American Sociological Review 61: 739-758.

Gerber, Theodore P. and Michael Hout. 2004. “Tightening Up: Declining Class Mobility During Russia’ Market Transition.” American Sociological Review 69: 677-703.

Lin, Nan and Yanjie Bian. 1991. “Getting Ahead in Urban China.” American Journal of Sociology 97: 657-688.

Nee, Victor. 1989. “A Theory of Market Transition: From Redistribution to Markets in State Socialism.” American Sociological Review 54: 663-681.

Nee, Victor and Yang Cao. 2002. “Postsocialist Inequalities: The Causes of Continuity and Discontinuity.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 19: 3-39. Unavailable

Walder, Andrew G., Bobai Li, and Donald J. Treiman. 2000. “Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime: Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite, 1949-1996.” American Sociological Review 65: 191-209.

Zhou, Xueguang. 2000. “Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China: Evidence From Panel Data.” American Journal of Sociology 105:1135-74, and the exchanges therein.

Zhou, Xueguang, Nancy Brandon Tuma, and Phyllis Moen. 1996. “Stratification Dynamics under State Socialism: The Case of Urban China, 1949-1993.” Social Forces 74:759-96.
OTHER READING
Bian, Yanjie. 2002. “Chinese Social Stratification and Mobility.” Annual Review of Sociology 28: 91-116.

_____. 1994. Work and Inequality in Urban China. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.

Deng, Zhong, and Donald J. Treiman. 1997. “The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Trends in Educational Attainment in the People’s Republic of China.” American Journal of Sociology 103: 391-428.

Gerber, Theodore P. 2002. “Structural Change and Post-Socialist Stratification: Labor Market Transitions in Contemporary Russia.” American Sociological Review 67: 629-659.

Gerber, Theodore P., and Michael Hout. 1998. “More Shock Than Therapy: Market Transition, Employment, and Income in Russia, 1991-1995.” American Journal of Sociology 104: 1-50.

Konrad, G. and Ivan Szelenyi. 1979. Intellectuals on the Road to Class Power. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Lin, Nan. 1995. “Local Market Socialism: Local Corporatism in Action in Rural China.” Theory and Society 24: 301-54. []

Nee, Victor. 1991. “Social Inequalities in Reforming State Socialism: Between Redistribution and Markets in State Socialism.” American Sociological Review 56: 267-82.

_____. 1996. “The Emergence of a Market Society: Changing Mechanisms of Stratification in China.” American Journal of Sociology 101: 908-49, and the articles in the Symposium in that issue. [JStor Link]

Nee, Victor and David Stark (ed.). 1989. Remaking Socialism. Stanford University Press.

Rona-Tas, Akos. 1994. “The First Shall Be Last? Entrepreneurship and Communist Cadres in the Transition from Socialism.” American Journal of Sociology 100: 40-69.

Szelenyi, Ivan. 1983. Urban Inequalities under State Socialism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Szelenyi, Ivan. 1978. “Social Inequalities in State Socialist Redistributive Economies.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 16: 63-87. Unavailable

Walder, Andrew G. 1986. Communist Neo-Traditionalism: Work and Authority in Chinese Industry. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Walder, Andrew G. 1992. “Property Rights and Stratification in Socialist Redistributive Economies.” American Sociological Review 57: 524-39.

Whyte, Martin King, and William Parish. 1984. Urban Life in Contemporary China. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Xie, Yu, and Emily Hannum. 1996. “Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform-Era Urban China.” American Journal of Sociology 101:950-92.

Zhou, Xueguang, Nancy Brandon Tuma, and Phyllis Moen. 1997. “Institutional Change and Job-Shift Patterns in Urban China, 1949-1994.” American Sociological Review 62: 339-65.

Zhou, Xueguang, and Olga Suhomlinova. 1999.  “Redistribution under State Socialism: A USSR and PRC Comparison.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 18: 163-204. Unavailable

Poverty
CORE READINGS

Brady, David. 2005. “The Welfare State and Relative Poverty in Rich Western Democracies, 1969-1997.” Forthcoming in Social Forces

Duncan, Greg J., W. Jean Yeung, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Judith K. Smith. 1998. “How Much Does Childhood Poverty Affect the Life Chances of Children?” American Sociological Review 63: 406-423.

Dunier, Mitchell. 1999. Sidewalk New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.

Lichter, Daniel T. and Rukamalie Jayakody. 2002. “Welfare Reform: How Do We Measure Success?” Annual Review of Sociology 28: 117-141.

Quillian, Lincoln. 1999. “Migration Patterns and the Growth of High Poverty Neighborhoods, 1970-1990.” American Journal of Sociology 105: 1-37.

Smeeding, Timothy M., Lee Rainwater, and Gary Burtless. 2001. “U.S. Poverty in Cross-National Context.” Pp. 162-189 in Understanding Poverty, edited by S. Danziger and R. Haveman. New York and Cambridge, MA.: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press.

Wilson, William Julius. 1996. When Work Disappears. New York: Knopf.

OTHER READINGS

Anderson, Elijah. 1991. Streetwise. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Brady, David. 2003. “Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty.” Social Forces 81: 715-752.

Brady, David and Denise Kall. “Nearly Universal, But Somewhat Distinct: The Feminization of Poverty in Affluent Western Democracies, 1969-2000.” Unpublished.

Brooks-Gunn, J., Greg J Duncan, JA Aber. 1997. Neighborhood Poverty Vols. I and II. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Christopher, Karen, Paula England, Timothy M. Smeeding, and Katherine Ross. 2002. “The Gender Gap in Poverty in Modern Nations: Single Motherhood, the Market, and the State.” Sociological Perspectives 45: 219-242.

Danziger, Sheldon H. and Robert H. Haveman. 2001. Understanding Poverty New York and Cambridge, MA: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press.

Edin, Kathryn and Laura Lein. 1996. "Work, Welfare, and Single Mothers' Economic Survival Strategies." American Sociological Review 61: 253-266.

Harding, David J. 2003. “Counterfactual Models of Neighborhood Effects: The Effect of Neighborhood Poverty on Dropping Out and Teenage Pregnancy.” American Journal of Sociology 109: 676-719.

Harris, Kathleen Mullan. 1996. "Life After Welfare: Women, Work, and Repeat Dependency." American Sociological Review 61: 407-426.

Iceland, John. 2003. Poverty in America: A Handbook Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press.

Jargowsky, Paul A. 1997. Poverty and Place. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Lichter, Daniel T. 1997. "Poverty and Inequality Among Children." Annual Review of Sociology 23:121-45.

Lichter, Daniel T., Diane K. McLaughlin, and David C. Ribar. 1997.  "Welfare and the Rise in Female-Headed Families." American Journal of Sociology 103: 112-43.

McFate, Katherine, Roger Lawson, and William Julius Wilson. 1995. Poverty, Inequality, and the Future of Social Policy. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Moller, Stephanie, David Bradley, Evelyne Huber, Francois Nielsen, and John D. Stephens. 2003. “Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies.” American Sociological Review 68: 22-51.

Mouw, Ted. 2000. "Job Relocation and the Racial Gap in Unemployment in Detroit and Chicago, 1980 to 1990." American Sociological Review 65: 730-53.

Newman, Katherine S. 1999. No Shame In My Game. New York: Knopf and Russell Sage.

O’Connor, Alice. 2001. Poverty Knowledge Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Rainwater, Lee and Timothy M. Smeeding. 2004. Poor Kids in a Rich Country: America’s Children in Comparative Perspective New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Wilson, William Julius. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.